No Same Love By Macklemore - 959 Words

Show Some Love We live in a world full of hate, the world today people are afraid of being themselves. People today rather conform to the social norm, instead we the people should stand up and fight for what believe, because our beliefs makes us who we are. This song â€Å"Same Love† by Macklemore is about a gay who’s gay and has to fight for what he believes in and he did not let anyone get in the way of what he loved. In the song â€Å"Same Love† by Macklemore, Macklemore successfully shows his support and acceptance for homosexuality and their equal rights by using strong visual and lyrical elements. In the song â€Å"Same Love† he uses strong lyrics to voice his message. People hear and feel music differently, this is how I interpret and analyzed the lyrics what they meant when I listened the lyrics. In one of Macklemore verses he states â€Å"Have you read the YouTube comments lately? â€Å"Man, that’s gay† gets dropped on the daily we become so numb to what we’re saying†(line 33-35). These lyrics show that Macklemore is not gay, but he still recognizes the animosity that homosexuals receive on a daily base. Not only in public homosexual get ridicule also on social networks where everyone could see. People use the word, gay without think what the words means. People don’t think how if you keep using the word gay as a derogatory term how might that affect someone that is gay or homosexual. In another part of macklemore lyrics he says â€Å"Gay is synonymous with the lesser† (40). People use theShow MoreRelatedMacklemore s Same L ove: The Breakdown816 Words   |  3 Pageschance that you have been able to catch â€Å"Thrift Shop† by Macklemore. It is currently run on several radio stations and has over 100 million views on YouTube. I wouldnt say it is the best song out there, but it sure is catchy. Due to its â€Å"catchyness† I decided to check out other work by Macklemore. In doing this I discovered his song â€Å"Same Love† featuring Mary Lambert. Upon hearing this song, it really made me think about the world today. Macklemore (Ben Haggerty), Ryan Lewis, and Mary Lambert wroteRead MoreThe, Same Love, By Macklemore, Ryan Lewis, And Mary Lambert1254 Words   |  6 Pagessomething sinful or awful. The music video, â€Å"Same Love† by Macklemore, Ryan Lewis, and Mary Lambert attempts to change the part of society that believes being gay is a choice. Macklemore is known best for his hip-hop and rapping style music, and while he keeps the rapping aspect in this music video, this is the first time he delves into deeper social issues. â€Å"Same Love† seeks to portrays one man’s life journey dealing with his homosexuali-ty, while at the same time challenging viewers to understand thatRead MoreHomosexuality in Same Love by Macklemore with Ryan Lewis and Mary Lambert1006 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"My love, she keeps me warm.† Without context, these song lyrics have no impact or power behind them. However, if told that these words were sung by a female vocalist, and preceded by the lyrics â€Å"I can’t change, even if it tried, even if I wanted to,† suddenly the words have meaning as a woman sings of her love for another woman (Haggerty, Lewis, Lambert, 2102). These lyrics come from the 2012 song â€Å"Same Love† by Macklemore with Ryan Lewis and featuring Mary Lambert. In the song â€Å"Same Love,† MacklemoreRead MoreThe Song, By Ryan Lewis And Featuring Mary Lambert Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesHaggerty, better known as Macklemore, is one of the most popular artists in the hip hop industry. He is best known for recognizing issues within society and using his influence to make a difference. The hip-hop industry has a huge impact on the youth. It influences the way people speak, act, and think. Constant discrimination towards race, gender and sexual orientation takes place among popular songs which encourages audiences to also act in discriminatory ways. â€Å"Same Love† was released in 2012 asRead MoreSame Sex, Sam e Love910 Words   |  4 PagesSame sex, Same love Homosexuality is the â€Å"same† kind of love as heterosexuality. Same-sex couples should have access to the same benefits enjoyed as any other couples since it’s recognize as a human right. Macklemore and Ryan Lewis made a song for supporters in reference to the February 2012 bill that would legalize same-sex marriage in the state(s). Same Love by Macklemore and Ryan Lewis portray a rap song that explicitly defends same-sex love by calling out hip-hop’s history of homophobia andRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Same Love By Mackkleore Ryan Lewis827 Words   |  4 Pagesabout time that we ask the same question with the music that we call our â€Å"jam†. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze Macklemore Ryan Lewis’s single â€Å"Same Love†, a song with one of the best stories about same-sex marriage. Influential hip-hop artist Macklemore, who has gained a strong base through his hit songs, made his strongest stance yet through his song â€Å"Same Love†. Using his popularity to further the dialogue regarding same-sex marriage, â€Å"Same Love† is the most influential proRead MoreMacklemore s Stand For Homosexual Equality1416 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as his stage name Macklemore, from Seattle, Washington took this global conflict and created the very popular music video â€Å"Same Love† which has over 126 million views on YouTube. Around the world, homosexuals are looked down upon, discriminated and are left feeling ashamed. The LGBT community wants equality therefore, supporter of gay rights, Macklemore took action into his own hands to spread the word by creating the song â€Å"Same love†. Throughout the music video, Macklemore presents today’s gayRead MoreEssay About Same Love977 Words   |  4 Pagesbe judged and categorised based on it. The theme of identity in Same Love touches on struggling to fit into our judgmental and discriminating society, which can not only re late to homosexuals in our generation but to anyone having a hard time fitting in. Macklemore encourages embracing your differences and accepting who you are, as he says â€Å"Its human rights for everybody, there is no difference†¦ Live on and be yourself.† Macklemore proves a point about just how hard it is for us to accept ourselvesRead MoreAnalysis Of Pope Francis And Macklemore891 Words   |  4 PagesPeople, One Meaning Love; it is a very common subject among couples, families, and the general public. Love can be viewed in many different ways with the same meaning. Just like Ben Haggerty, commonly known as Macklemore, his song â€Å"Same Love† sung words about love and equality. Not only Macklemore, but Pope Francis also expressed his own way to spread his message of love. They are the two highest prestige bodies that would be less likely to be compared. Pope Francis and Macklemore share uniquely similarRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized898 Words   |  4 PagesFinally, in 2015 same sex marriage was legalized in all fifty states. Many arguments have come around about if homosexuality is genetic or if its chosen. Many people think either way and there aren’t many people who are in between thinking that homosexuality is chosen or not. The song â€Å"Same Love† by Macklemore was released in 2015 when all of the media slowed down about homosexuality and after same sex marriage was legalized. So when Macklemore released this song more attention came to same sex marriage

Developing And Implement A Business Plan - 2269 Words

Develop and implement a business plan Introduction Dong’s China Bar would like to establish its business operation in Little Bourke Street to expand its business images. The business will focus on producing the fine dining northern Chinese cuisine and food and its owner Mr. Dong has been a qualified and experienced chef in this area for more than 7 years. Assessment task 1 Research: 1. Identify the purpose of your business plan o It helps to establish the business goals, missions and visions. It serves as the guidelines to implement the company’s marketing, production, and financing and management decisions. o It also serves as the proof to the financial lending institutes that the company has the sound and solid†¦show more content†¦Research resources, legal and compliance requirements, specifically in relation to occupational health and safety (OHS), in accordance with business goals and objectives †¢ OHS: Dong’s China Bar has established the practical guidelines to maintain the requirements of Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 and the relevant OHS regulation. Codes of Practice offer both employers and employees with guidelines of how to manage the workplace safety in an effective way. †¢ Cultural expectations and influence: Dong’s China Bar’s staffs are considering the business stakeholders’ age, gender, interests, social activities and customer lifestyles. All staffs understand all the business stakeholders should be treated differently due to these differences. †¢ Environmental issues: Dong’s China Bar will try to minimise the air pollutions from frying and cooking oil, wastewater pollutions into the sewage system, land pollutions from dumping the business rubbish, hazardous items from the cleaning products usage, solid wastage into the natural environment, pesticide chemicals and pest control spray within the shop, asbestos chemicals from the shopShow MoreRelatedInformation On Continuity Of Operations For An Organization920 Words   |  4 Pagesany risks, procedures, and techniques when developing and implementing an IT contingency plan. This document discusses the planning steps in developing an IT contingency plan, possible recovery options for restoring operations, recommended testing requirements for developing an effective test plan, and a proposed 24 month test cycle. â€Æ' IT Resource Contingency Planning In today’s net-centric world, even a day offline may damage an organization’s business and profit margin. As a result, it is imperativeRead MoreThe Aditya Birla Group Career Competency Model1004 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment Plans (IDPs) and talent dialogues with business heads and HR have helped in taking this process to the next level THE ADITYA BIRLA GROUP’S CAREER COMPETENCY MODEL Understanding Competencies To be effective at each career stage, people are required to develop and sharpen different competencies and behaviors. They have developed the competency framework to provide the set of behavioral competencies which are required at different career stages. â€Æ' INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN †¢ Each TalentRead MoreImplementing A New Plan For Business1325 Words   |  6 Pagesby Microsoft and for this our software becomes obsolete. So it is necessary to make some changes in our company and need to come up with a new plan in order to stay in the business. Developing a Strategic Plan The development of a new plan for business and its implementation needs a lot of effort and time. However, our dedicated experts developed the plan and implementation procedures following the 10 steps which are summarized below: Define Goals It is necessary to develop a new version of our softwareRead MoreStrategic Management : Leadership And Management1421 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and Management 330 Ms. Clarke November 9, 2014 Strategic Management, according to the text, involves conducting an environmental scan which includes customers and knowing competition, establishing goals, setting targets, developing an action plan, implementing the plan, and evaluating success (Hubler, 2014, p. 331) This is used to establish a company’s vision or mission. This process helps a company to gain awareness of things that they need to do in order to become more successful than theyRead MoreReview Of Changing Perspective Of Marketing Planning1334 Words   |  6 Pagesmarketing plan is also known as Marketing-LED which involves leading of a company by marketing department. In this approach, marketing plan is made as per needs and requirements of customers by aiming their satisfaction with product or service. Multi-function is very important in context with customer satisfaction. Product mix is a technique which focuses on best line of product which can be taken into consideration by considering 4P s (Chaffey, Smit h Smith, 2012). 2: Modern marketing plan considersRead MoreMarketing and Business Development1068 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategic business relationships. †¢ Proven ability to increase sales and market share. †¢ Awarded top awards for key achievements. †¢ Offer exceptional communication and customer management skills. †¢ Skilled in resolving customer and project issues. †¢ Broad experience creating and implementing sales and marketing. Experience: JAWDA Engineering Consultant, Cairo August 2010 – Present Industry: Electric Engineering Consultancy Services Business DevelopmentRead MoreBusiness Studies Extended Response1293 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness studies extended response Helen’s is an upmarket fashion boutique store in Sydney’s east. Falling sales have been reflected by surveys that reveal consumers view the business as outdated and no longer relevant to consumers’ needs. Strong competition in the area has placed considerable pressure on pricing. The business’s target market, 50-65 year old females, no longer dominated the now younger demographic character of the area. Develop a marketing plan for the business that suggests howRead MoreStrategic Plan For An Operational Plan Essay1188 Words   |  5 PagesTask 1 project develop an operational plan Purpose: to develop and implement strategic plan to support business in term of operational plan. Business name: Australian Hardware Ltd Business structure: Public company since 1982 ABN: 4000000000 Business location: Australian hardware is headquartered in Sydney, NSW. The business owns and operates 138 stores throughout Australia. Date established: 26 January 1921. Ownership and governance: The Greenwright family retains a controlling interestRead MoreCustomer Service And Brand Reputation1196 Words   |  5 Pageson various issues being faced. Through an extensive analysis of the establishment, Fit Fast Bikes has broken various consumer laws and it is suggested that they must implement numerous strategies to improve customer service and brand reputation in order to increase profitability and market share. It is recommended that a marketing plan process as well as a marketing strategy be utilised to rectify the current issues being faced. Finding Discussions Consumer Laws After an analysis of the situationRead MoreWhy Business Should Develop A Strategy1216 Words   |  5 PagesStrategy could be a set of goals that you achieve to gain competitive advantage over competitors. Strategy is something a business utilizes to build on to stay in business for a long time. According to Harvard Business Review â€Å"strategy is something that set you apart from other businesses† (Michael Porter). This paper will define strategy, also talk about why or why business should develop a strategy. Another eye open statement will address can or should individuals have a life strategy. What strategy

Non Scientific Psychological Approaches

Question: Discuss about the Non Scientific Psychological Approaches. Answer: Prevalence of Structuralism: The structuralism is the method, which is used to understand the common behaviour of human behaviour. Humans live with the entangled relationship, which constitutes the structure of the abstract culture. In the early 1900s, structuralism was developed in Europe. The term structuralism is related to literary texts with a larger structure. Being reductive is structuralisms one of the main problems. Following ideas given by Schultz and Schultz (2015), it can be said that a meaningful action's occurrence has only proved the presence of signification. Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure first brought structuralism to everyone's attention. Structuralism points one action to a thought process. It is a one to one mapping. A thought process takes the help of significance in order to be aligned with an action. It works as a system. Because of the significance related to structuralism, it is used to analyze an action. Following the ideas of Parker and Shotter (2015), it can be stated that the thought process behind an action is determined easily by the structuralism due to its scientific approach. The scientific approach talks about a causal relationship. Here, tracing the end action or result one can get back to the initial action, which triggered a series of actions and thoughts. The use of logic used in structuralism is similar to the use of logic in mathematics. It gives the birth of various subfields like conflict, culture, development, criminology and others. Once an action starts a thought process, various reactions may follow. It can start a conflict. Structuralism can be analyzed with the help of various methods li ke quantitative, qualitative, mathematical, and others. At present, structuralism might take many forms, but as the post-structuralism suggests, it gives the inner strength of a though process. With time the upgraded definition of structuralism, now it adds more value to the thought process due to its added analytical characteristics. It proves the prevalence of structuralism. It is derived from a mathematical concept of one to one mapping. It speaks to the relevance of the theory of structuralism. This is not present in the other approaches like humanistic approach. In those cases, the relation between the end and primary variables can be numerous. It makes finding a causal relationship with rational logic between the variables difficult. To address this problem, one needs other approaches as well. Structuralisms Degree of Scientific merit: The scientific merit of structuralism can be questioned due to the various assumptions are made in the process. According to ideas given by Piaget (2015), it can be said that the assumptions mitigate the uncertainty in the study of the human behaviours regarding structuralism. Hence, one can say structuralism finds its answers through controlled experimental methods. Losing the control over the experimental methods might lead to a new outcome, which might be unanswerable for the presently available methods. The methods are used in this research are typically restricted in statistical and mathematical fields. There are many loopholes in these methods, which might tamper with the results of the study. The assumptions work as constraints to the usage of these methods. Because of these limitations, the results, which are gathered through working on the structuralism, can be considered as not important and of less significance. As stated by psychologists like McLeod, the importance of the structuralism depends on the passive effects of the results (Piaget, Fraisse Reuchlin, 2014). The results that can be gathered by using the statistical or mathematical tools and methods can be used in other studies. The results of these studies can be used as raw data for others studies. Hence, one cannot just say that this method has no scientific significance. It places a broad context with several layers of significance. The significance of the study subject can be analyzed putting the subjects in a wider context. This is one of the basic principles of the approach. The results of the studies might differ for the same subject even if the same tools are used. The reason behind this is the difference between the languages. Different languages represent different cultures. It changes the pattern creating unique identities in the languages. Hence, the results following the same response might lead to different outcomes, which can complicate any further studies. It mainly provides the structure of the conscious process. Classifying the sensations for the purpose of observing to a minimum extent is not what structuralism is. The structuralism states that it is not easy to understand actions in isolation. To understand those actions properly one has to check the actions according to the whole context. This way the degree of scientific merit has to be checked under that totality. Humanistic Psychological Approach: In the mid-twentieth century, as an answer for the limitations for Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory, humanistic approach came in to existence. The initiation of this theory was before the Renaissance of Europe. The main properties of humanistic approach include a holistic view of the behaviours. Humanistic approach by nature does not preach for mathematical research, as human behaviour is far too complex for Cartesian-Newtonian scientific research. Hence, quantitative approach for the humanistic approach is not fruitful. There are no proper qualitative methods to assess humanistic approach as well. It makes preparing a one to one correspondence between two actions with their behaviour hard. According to the views of Waterman (2013), one might conclude that general logic might not be applied in these scenarios. It is also fruitful in the case of the humanistic approach to derive the methods from the subject matter rather than looking for logic through natural science. As stated by Schneider, Pierson and Bugental (2014), it can be stated that, in most of the cases of humanistic approach, the usage of the general Cartesian-Newtonian scientific concepts will not yield any logical explanation making it tough for understanding for the commoners. In general, a scientific research requires a theory backed model that can interpret the situation, issues, as well as the results. This is missing in humanistic approach, as there are no simple one to one mapping of logic is possible in this approach. To build a theory, much knowledge is required, which is not present in the case of the humanistic approach. Moreover, the causal relationship is missing in this approach making it impossible to quantify the data scientifically. According to ideas given by Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi (2014) even if subjects are chosen for a data collection process, the variables of the same attribute might differ for each of the cases. A researcher might feel something while stud ying a subject, but without a scientific process to narrow down that feeling, the data cannot be recorded, which is not possible in the case of humanistic approach. For this reason, the researchers differentiate this approach from the others on the basis of non-scientific backgrounds. As it has minimal or no scientific method involved, it makes the reliability of the results difficult. The results are also can be interpreted differently by different viewers. Humanistic Approach: The humanistic approach requires fist person experience to analyze a certain action and the rationale behind it. There are no other quantitative methods that can be used in order to understand the theories related to it. There might be several cases where the same theory is used at different levels of understanding human behaviour. In this case, one researcher handling both the behaviours might work as he can differentiate or find the similarities between the two behaviours, which are not possible if two different sets of indicators were used for analyzing the behaviours. Angus et al. (2015)have suggested that there are no general data recording processes for this type of cases, making it difficult to convey the message regarding a studied behaviour. It can also create issues with the same researcher in two periods. In the short run, the researcher might analyze two different behaviours with ease but as time passes by it will be difficult for the researcher to judge one behaviour by a previously noticed behaviour. In the long run, a same persons behaviour changes. The same person can react differently to the same situation every time he or she faces it. Due to this, there is no causal relationship between the reaction and the situation and one to one mapping is not possible. Recording data of such kind is thus also not possible. These are the basic requirements for making a scientific approach. As the humanistic approach is not fulfilling these criteria, it is not regarded as a scientific approach. Not being a scientific approach does not reduce the importance of the humanistic approach. People use this approach in their daily lives without any scientific data and yield a positive result. The results of the humanistic approach can change creating the possibility of many outcomes, with a slight movement of the internal issues. A person using the humanistic approach cannot record and use the results again. Although the humanistic approach is a non-scientific approach, it has a significant hold over the interpersonal relationship theories. With time and experience, the humanistic approach and its results become clear to the researchers. Otherwise, just a scientific view towards the approach will not yield any results. The Structure of humanistic Approach: The humanistic approach was never meant to be a scientific approach. A scientific approach by definition requires a question and a background research. It is followed by a hypothesis which again requires an experiment. Based on the results of the experiments the hypothesis is either accepted or rejected. Then it inspires further studies and experiments. The whole process is recorded in such a way that it can be done again and a similar result will follow. This is not the case of humanistic approach. The objectives and perspectives in the case of humanistic approach are not clear. The structure of the approach solely relies on the natural instinct of a person. Hence, the findings are the reflections of individuality in this approach. According to ideas given by Pascual-Leone, Paivio and Harrington (2016), the works of Maslow support this statement. In his study of self-actualization, he clearly stated that the study was not meant to be a scientific one. He argued that the study was no t well planned; hence, the opportunity of making a scientific approach was out of the available options. The validity of the data cannot be judged, as the study was reflective. The point of this argument is that a humanistic approach is not bounded by a structure. Personal growth and fulfilment are responsible for this. Subjective common sense is prioritized while adopting the structure of a humanistic approach instead of scientific objectivity and analysis. This makes the structure free from all the constraints. This requires the reader of the humanistic approach to study the concept and related works without any constrained vision. Only following this approach, the structure of the humanistic approach can be understood. Understanding this is highly prioritized as humanistic approach answers various issues, which are not answered, by common scientific theories and hypotheses. Cartesian-Newtonian scientific researchers have a minimum or no role in creating a structure of humanistic approach. On the other hand, the structure of work based on humanistic approach is free of any constraints by scientific rationality. Hence, it gets the opportunity of displaying the randomness of the human mind. Making assumptions to reach a conclusion does not fall under the structure of this approach. Thus, finding rat ionality in the randomness is tough in the case of humanistic approach. Freuds Perception: Freuds perception on psychological analysis has raised many controversies as well as ways of finding a solution to an unsolvable problem. The different schools of thoughts like structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, and humanistic psychology have tried to solve the issues regarding the psychology. The analyses are not always scientific. In fact, most of the approaches have no scientific rules and regulations. Structuralism has somewhat scientific base as it shows a one to one mapping of behaviours and actions. According to views of Shields (2016), it can be said that functionalism states that mental life of a person depends highly on the adaptation of the environment a subject lives in. In the late 19th century, the concept of functionalism came into the picture as an alternative of structuralism. It has no one-to-one mapping as the functionalism states that much behaviour can come out of the same action. The functionalism considers behaviourism to answer t he causal relationship between an action and behaviour. Following the views of Koffka (2013), it can be stated that the Gestalt psychology finds out the reason behind a certain move, which might be otherwise considered as random. The base of the approach is not sound leaving many loopholes in the theories and results. It is assumed that the unconscious mind of a person replies most to a set of therapeutic techniques termed as psychoanalysis. In the early 1890s, Sigmund Freud established this discipline. He used the techniques to interpret the behaviour by the subconscious mind. Following the views of Lemberger and Hutchison (2014), the humanistic psychology records the changes in behaviour in the same environment. The reasons behind the changes are analyzed in this method. As stated by Freud (2013), the data recorded was interpreted by psychoanalysis, which did not give any concrete result. Hence following the result will not yield the same outcomes each time the subject changes (Freud, 2014). Thus making universal predictions based on the works of Freud will not help in analyzing behaviour. The objectivity in the works of Freud was not concrete as the considerations of biases due to cultural, personal, and others were not removed before publishing the outcomes. Hence, it can be seen that the outcomes and the processes used by the famous neurologist were not scientifically proven. This makes measuring the works of Freud objectively impossible. References: Angus, L., Watson, J. C., Elliott, R., Schneider, K., Timulak, L. (2015). Humanistic psychotherapy research 19902015: From methodological innovation to evidence-supported treatment outcomes and beyond. Psychotherapy Research, 25(3), 330-347. Freud, S. (2013). The interpretation of dreams. Read Books Ltd. Freud, S. (2014). The neuro-psychoses of defence. Read Books Ltd. Koffka, K. (2013). Principles of Gestalt psychology (Vol. 44). Routledge. Lemberger, M. E., Hutchison, B. (2014). Advocating student-within-environment: A humanistic approach for therapists to animate social justice in the schools. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 54(1), 28-44. Parker, I., Shotter, J. (Eds.). (2015). Deconstructing social psychology (Vol. 21). Psychology Press. Pascual-Leone, A., Paivio, S., Harrington, S. (2016). Emotion in psychotherapy: An experiential-humanistic perspective. Humanistic psychotherapies: Handbook of research and practice,. Piaget, J. (2015). Structuralism (Psychology Revivals). Psychology Press. Piaget, J., Fraisse, P., Reuchlin, M. (2014). Experimental Psychology Its Scope and Method: Volume I (Psychology Revivals): History and Method. Psychology Press. Schneider, K. J., Pierson, J. F., Bugental, J. F. (Eds.). (2014). The handbook of humanistic psychology: Theory, research, and practice. Sage Publications. Schultz, D. P., Schultz, S. E. (2015). A history of modern psychology. Cengage Learning. Seligman, M. E., Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Positive psychology: An introduction (pp. 279-298). Springer Netherlands. Shields, S. A. (2016). Functionalism, Darwinism, and advances in the psychology of women and gender: From the 19th century to the 21st. Feminism Psychology, 26(4), 397-404. Waterman, A. S. (2013). The humanistic psychologypositive psychology divide: Contrasts in philosophical foundations. American Psychologist, 68(3), 124.

Time And Culture Essay Example For Students

Time And Culture Essay In The Dance of Life: The Other Dimension of TimeAnthropologist Edward T. Hall entitles his first chapter Time asCulture. An extreme stance perhaps, especially given the potency ofnatures rhythms, but it is instructive of the extent to which experiences andconceptualizations of time and space are culturally determined. Unlike the restof natures animals, our environment is primarily man-made and symbolic inquality. As Bronowski observed in The Ascent of Man, instead of being figures ofthe landscape, like antelopes upon the African savanna, we humans are theshapers of it. Geographical space and natural time are transformed into socialspace and social time, around whose definitions human beings orient theirbehaviors. For instance, instead of being governed by the natural rhythms of thesun and seasons, our behaviors are governed by such cultural temporalities aswork schedules, age norms, and by the open hours of shopping malls. We will write a custom essay on Time And Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Culture is a shared system of ideas about the nature of the world and how (andwhen) people should behave in it. Cultural theorists argue that culture createsminds, selves and emotions in a society as reliably as DNA creates the varioustissues of a living body. Culture also creates the rhythms of a society thatecho within the very biology of its members. Observes Irving Hallowell(Temporal Orientation in Western Civilization and in a Pre-LiterateSociety, American Anthropologist 36, 1955), It is impossible to assumethat man is born with any innate `temporal sense. His temporal concepts arealways culturally constituted (pp. 216-7). A 1974 study by William Condonand Louis Sander showed that within a few days, infants flex their limbs andmove their heads in rhythms matching the human speech around them. By the time achild is three months old he has already been temporally enculturated, havinginternalized the external rhythms (called Zeitgeber, meaning timegiver in German) of his culture. T hese rhythms underlie a peopleslanguage, music, religious ritual (the Buddhist mantra, for instance, is notonly ones personal prayer but ones personal rhythm), beliefs about post-mortemfate, and their poetry and dance. These rhythms also serve as a basis ofsolidarity: humans are universally attracted to rhythm and to those who sharetheir cadences of talk, movement, music, and sport. Thus socio-cultural systemscan be likened to massive musical scores: change the rhythm such as putting afuneral dirge to a calypso beatand you change the meaning of the piece. Cultures differ temporally, for example, in the temporal precision with whichthey program everyday events (ask any American businessman trying to schedule ameeting in the Middle East) and in the ways various social rhythms are allowedto mesh.

Being There by Jerzy Kosinski essays

Being There by Jerzy Kosinski essays In social encounters, people in general project a public or on-stage self, and we think of it as covering our authentic face- the face behind the social mask. People often act in the opposite way of what they are really thinking in order to impress others. However, Chance, in Jerzy Kosinskis Being There, couldnt think or act on his own. His behavior reflects what he has observed on television and in his garden. Chance presents himself to others in such an honest manner. What he shows the public is exactly who he is. He doesnt have a private or public self; he has only one face- the face of true human nature, which is the product of TV images and his garden. Television created Chance as did the garden. The garden seems to give him physical existence while the television gives him a mental existence. However, this mental existence is a false one. Contrary to his life in the garden, in the outside world Chance is a blank page, acceptable to all people because he is like all those characters on television. Because Chances behavior depends on what he has seen on television, he is uninformed and incompetent in many areas. Although this book is a bit far-fetched and ridiculous at times, Kosinski makes a very valid point. He seems to point out that in the culture we live in, superficial perception is everything while real thought is often neglected. The media plays a large part in shaping our notions of leadership. The media creates an image for Chance- they give him an occupation, a relationship of intimacy with the President, and status. They hype him up to make him seem newsworthy and interesting because they have to have people to write about. Even though Chance may not be the brightest person, people are drawn to his personality and his unintentional words of wisdom. People seem to trust him, instinctively. His meaningless utterance ...

Oklahoma Wesleyan University Admissions Overview

Oklahoma Wesleyan University Admissions Overview Oklahoma Wesleyan University Admissions Overview: Oklahoma Wesleyan has an acceptance rate of 73%, which is encouraging for interested studentsthose with solid grades and test scores have a good chance of being admitted. For complete instructions and information on applying, be sure to visit the schools website.  Ã‚   Admissions Data (2016): Oklahoma Wesleyan University Acceptance Rate: 73%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 410 / 510SAT Math: 420 / 590SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 18 / 23ACT English: 16 / 24ACT Math: 17 / 24What these ACT numbers mean Oklahoma Wesleyan University  Description: Although its origins began much earlier, Oklahoma Wesleyan University truly came into existence in 2001after several mergers and re-namings. The school is located in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, which is about an hour north of Tulsa. The city has a population of around 35,000. Students can choose a major from five different schoolsBusiness, Arts and Sciences, Ministry and Christian Thought, Education, or Nursing. Popular majors within these colleges include Nursing, Business Administration/Economics, Psychology, Theological, and Religious Studies, and Exercise Science. Because of its affiliation with the Wesleyan Church, OKWU offers students ample opportunities to join religious clubs, service projects, and attend services throughout the week. Students have the chance to study abroadeither within the country (more off-campus study than abroad) or in different countries. OKWU is highly ranked, for financial aid, value, and teaching quality. On the athletic front, the OKWU Eagles compete in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) within the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference. Popular sports on campus include basketball, soccer, golf, and track field. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 1,467  (1,192 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 40% Male / 60% Female53% Full-time Costs (2016  - 17): Tuition and Fees: $25,070Books: $900Room and Board: $8,136Other Expenses: $3,890Total Cost: $37,996 Oklahoma Wesleyan University  Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 99%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 99%Loans: 82%Average Amount of AidGrants: $11,183Loans: $6,147 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Nursing, Business Marketing, Psychology, Business Economics, Theological Studies, Exercise Science, Biology Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 60%4-Year Graduation Rate: 32%6-Year Graduation Rate: 44% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Basketball, Soccer, Baseball, Track and Field, Cross Country, GolfWomens Sports:  Track and Field, Soccer, Softball, Cross Country, Volleyball, Basketball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Oklahoma Wesleyan University, You May Also Like These Schools: Oklahoma City UniversitySouthern Nazarene UniversityUniversity of TulsaOklahoma Panhandle State UniversityUniversity of Central OklahomaCameron UniversityLangston UniversityOklahoma State UniversityEast Central UniversityOral Roberts UniversityNortheastern State University   Oklahoma Wesleyan University  Mission Statement: mission statement from their website As an evangelical Christian university of The Wesleyan Church, Oklahoma Wesleyan University models a way of thought, a way of life, and a way of faith. It is a place of serious study, honest questions, and critical engagement, all in the context of a liberal arts community that honors the Primacy of Jesus Christ, the Priority of Scripture, the Pursuit of Truth, and the Practice of Wisdom.

LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING - Case Study Example 2. The nurses are negligent for delaying their medication documentation for such a long period of time as the next day. The fact that a medication is not documented endangers the patient of receiving too little or too much of the medications on subsequent shifts when other nurse have no way of knowing that there are missing entries in the records. 3. When the root of the problem or cause of the situation is evaluated the ethical principles which must be considered are patient safety first and foremost. Standards of practice should also be evaluated and the facility policy on medication should be evaluated to ensure that it is clear in all areas of medication administration. 4. If the case was heard in court the charges would likely be malpractice and negligence. Negligence and or malpractice can be defined as ‘the doing of something a reasonably prudent person would not do,’ it must be shown that the standard of care what deviated and that there were damages or injuries because of the negligence or malpractice (Understanding Negligence, 2012). The possibility of something dangerous or injurious to a patient due to medication errors such as those described is very strong and often nurses are taken to court for the same errors which end up causing injury to a plaintiff. Because there were no injuries reported or complaints from patients described it is less likely that the case would require court charges against the nurse. 1. The primary defendant in this case would be the original nurse suspected; however after the testimony and other nurse’s acknowledging their own wrongdoing and medication errors they should be suspended and held liable as well. The plaintiff could be the facility if they chose to bring charges against the nurse which is unlikely as this was cause negativity towards the facility. Most likely if charges were brought against the nurse they would stem from a patient incident. 2. The court would probably rule in

Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on Teaching Reading Essay

Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on Teaching Reading - Essay Example In addition, the findings would be related in terms of their impact on classroom instruction by providing specific and supportive evidence for each theme or issue from the readings and from one’s personal experience, as required. The whole language approach emerged in the 1980s more as a philosophy than a mere teaching methodology. According to Todays-Learners (2010, par. 19), â€Å"reading should not be taught, but rather acquired through trial and error†. Promoters of this technique emphasize that students can substitute words with those that they commonly use as long as the idea remains the same. Correct spelling of words is not so much given priority for as long as the thoughts and concepts are appropriately ingrained (Todays-Learners, 2010, pars. 19 – 23). The modernist perspective has been discussed by Serafini (2003, par. 16) through a review of various scholars’ discourse on the subject; such as Street, De Castell & Luke, and Siegel & Fernandez, among others. This view contends that â€Å"reading is viewed as a cognitive, psychological process divorced from any of the forces that are inherent in social, political, or cultural institutions† (Serafini, 2003, par. 16) Children taught under this approach are given reading materials which are fluently read aloud and concurrently focusing on the main theme of the story or text. Teachers focus more on the diction and pronunciation of the texts as well as determining if the students are able to comprehend the main theme of the story. One of the more contemporary approaches associated with this perspective is the balanced or eclectic approach which utilized phonics and skills instruction into the teaching of reading. Stoicheva (1999) cited Cunningham and Hall (1998) describing â€Å"a balanced framework for literacy where instruction is divided equally between the four

Judith Anne Neelley Essay Example for Free

Judith Anne Neelley Essay Judith Anne Neelley belongs to the growing list of women offenders convicted for heinous crimes. Just 18 years old, she was convicted in 1983 in Alabama for the brutal murder of a young girl and was meted the death penalty. However, contrasting views of whether the death penalty should be implemented and racial bias as well, influenced a former governor of the state to commute her sentence to life imprisonment in 1999 (ProsandCons.us, 2009). Her Crimes Sometime in 1980, she robbed a woman inside a mall at gunpoint (Ramsland, 2007). Two years later, she lured and kidnapped Lisa Ann Millican, 13 years old of Rome, Georgia, who was under the auspices of a home for neglected girls (Ramsland, 2007). She was sexually assaulted, stabbed, injected with drain cleaner, shot to death and her body pushed down a mountain where it was found days later (Ashley, 1999). After this, she persuaded a man and his companion to ride with her and show her around the town because she was new there. She then shot but did not kill the man John Hancock and took her girlfriend Janice Chatman to a motel where she and her husband molested and raped her (O’Shea, 1999). Over-all, she was involved in 15 murders that occurred not only in Georgia but also in Tennessee and Alabama (O’Shea, 1999). She also continually committed minor offenses such as swindling, car theft, petty theft, robbery and minor assaults (Furio, 2001). Social Background Judith Neelley did not attend middle school or high school and she was not known to hold any permanent job, doing odd jobs and also swindling and robbing in order to survive (Wetsch, 2005). As a teenager, she spent time in a youth center, having been abandoned by her parents. There she claimed that she was sexually assaulted (Wetsch, 2005). She was pregnant during her detention for armed robbery and at 15-years old she gave birth to twins (O’Shea, 1999). Her third child was also born in prison just before her trial for the murder of Lisa Millican. There is no mention of her family or childhood in the literature encountered as she was not fond of giving interviews. Marriage and Family Life At a very early age, she married Alvin Neelley who was twice her age, an ex-convict who served time for shooting his first wife. With their common behavior of being violent towards women, Alvin figured as a partner in the crimes she instigated. They referred to themselves as The Nightrider and Lady Sundance (Ramsland, 2007). Following his release from prison for their robbery in 1980, Alvin took a job at a gas station and used his earnings to buy two cars with CB radios installed (Wetsch, 2005). Judith will drive around to look for the next victim and will radio Alvin to join her when the victim is in the car. Their relationship, though sexual in nature, was at times violent and lasted because of this partnership. Â  According to her husband, Judith’s personality was very dominant and she was violent which accounted for her strong influence over him. Alvin Neelley later stated that he went along because his wife had such power over other people and he was left with no choice (Ramsland, 2007). On the other hand, Judith stated during the trial that she took women and young girls to please her husband because he wanted them, that he willingly planned and executed the acts, that he battered her and threatened her children to force her to take part (O’Shea, 1999). However, investigators and the jury eventually agreed that Judith actively participated in the killing sprees as the brains behind the murders (Kelleher Kelleher, 1998). While on predating sprees, she brought her children along. They helped her earn the trust of the people she lured. The toddlers witnessed the sexual molestation and torture of Lisa Millican and the other victims by their mother. This type of parenting, husband and wife relationship and over-all family life deviates from what is typical. Contributing Factors She was not found by the jury to be mentally disturbed or to be an abused wife factors which could help explain her brutal behavior. After her conviction, she appealed to the court but exhausted the appeals process with futility (ProsandCons.us, 2009). Does this person fit the profile of the typical offender for this type of crime? Judith Neelley did not fit the profile of the typical murderer. She was female, white, a young mother, slim and blond. Females were generally regarded as soft, caring or docile and not aggressive or violent (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000). At the time she committed murder, the stereotype of persons who had the capacity to perform such crimes was male and probably black. For this reason, it was not seriously believed at first that she perpetrated the murders (Texas AM International University, 2004). Initially, the burden of accountability for the acts was brought heavily on her husband because he was the male. At the end of the trial, she got the death penalty while her husband got two life terms. Based on current information on criminal behavior however, Judith Anne Neelley fits the profile of a female serial team killer. Because she lacked the strength to subdue victims or carry dead bodies, she raped and killed together with her husband who was also a sexual killer (Kelleher Kelleher, 1998). Only one thing sets her apart from other females in serial team killing she had already attempted to kill a man by shooting him before she even met her husband (Furio, 2001). She was delinquent as a teenager and before age 20, performed her first serial killing. Very sociable, she was able to talk her victims, either when they were alone or with their companions, into going for a ride with her in her car (TAMIU, 2004). She felt herself superior over others and called the authorities about Lisa Millican and where her body could be found, implicating a warden as the one responsible. She was cruel, merciless and delighted in the suffering and death of her victims. During the trial, she played the role of victim in saying that she was a battered wife so that her husband would get the maximum penalty while she will serve time only as an accomplice (TAMIU, 2004). Which crime theory that we have studied comes closest to explaining this offender’s behavior? The strain theory of crime causation comes closest to explaining Judith Neelley’s behavior. The extreme stress from social and economic factors that she experienced as a young girl being abandoned by her family, her poverty and then being sexually molested while in a juvenile center, all contributed in pushing her to commit crime. Unsuccessful in obtaining power from money or education, she killed others to feel powerful. List of References Ashley, D. (1999). Woman Loses Death Row Appeal. Retrieved 9 April 2009 from http://www.equaljustice.ca/cgi-bin/forum.cgi/noframes/read/6290. Furio, J. (2001). Team Killers: A Comparative Study of Collaborative Criminals. New York: Algora. Kelleher, M. and Kelleher, C.L. (1998). Murder Most Rare: The Female Serial Killer. Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. Â  O’Shea, K. (1999). Women and the Death Penalty in the United States: 1900-1998. Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. ProsandCons.us (2009). Conversion of a Killer. Retrieved 9 April 2009 from http://prosandcons.us/?cat=61

Successful Relationships And Short Stories :: essays research papers

Successful Relationships and Short Stories A successful relationship is the Holy Grail in life for most people. We are constantly searching and striving to attain that bond with someone with out fully understanding the components involved in making it happen. In a time of serial monogamy, marriage drive thrus, and quickie divorces, we don't have much incentive to invest that sort of time. Relationships are easy to get out of. But in order to have a successful relationship, both parties must first actively communicate their intentions of what they are hoping to gain from the relationship, concerns, and hopes for themselves as individuals and as a collective. Failure to do this would surely be the demise of any relationship. There are many instances in the short stories in which I have read where two characters are unable to grasp the concept in which I am putting forth. A prime example would be Miss Dent and Mr. Blake from John Cheever's "The Five- Forty-Eight." In this story, Miss Dent and Mr. Blake start with a working relationship which escalates into a one night stand. Neither character has communicated what their intentions or hopes for this encounter is. Miss Dent is coming from the angle that she cares for this person, and would like something more from this affair. She articulates this to him later saying "All I wanted was a little love." Had she addressed this in the beginning, it would have been clear what her hopes were for this relationship. Mr. Blake however was coming from the exact opposite angle: "She gave him a drink and said that she was going to put on something more comfortable. He urged her to; that was he came for." If these people were openly communicating their intentions to each other would have been clear therefore enabling them to make an informed decision. Another example of a successful relationship from the short stories I have read is character Nanapush and his young friend Eli from Louise Edrich's "Matchimanito." Eli frequently came to Nanapush for advice on hunting, women, and life in general. It was clear to Nanapush what Eli's intentions were, as Eli communicated it frequently with his barrage of questions. "I'm a Nanapush remember. That's as good as saying I knew what interested Eli Kashpaw. He wanted something other than what I could teach him about the woods. Successful Relationships And Short Stories :: essays research papers Successful Relationships and Short Stories A successful relationship is the Holy Grail in life for most people. We are constantly searching and striving to attain that bond with someone with out fully understanding the components involved in making it happen. In a time of serial monogamy, marriage drive thrus, and quickie divorces, we don't have much incentive to invest that sort of time. Relationships are easy to get out of. But in order to have a successful relationship, both parties must first actively communicate their intentions of what they are hoping to gain from the relationship, concerns, and hopes for themselves as individuals and as a collective. Failure to do this would surely be the demise of any relationship. There are many instances in the short stories in which I have read where two characters are unable to grasp the concept in which I am putting forth. A prime example would be Miss Dent and Mr. Blake from John Cheever's "The Five- Forty-Eight." In this story, Miss Dent and Mr. Blake start with a working relationship which escalates into a one night stand. Neither character has communicated what their intentions or hopes for this encounter is. Miss Dent is coming from the angle that she cares for this person, and would like something more from this affair. She articulates this to him later saying "All I wanted was a little love." Had she addressed this in the beginning, it would have been clear what her hopes were for this relationship. Mr. Blake however was coming from the exact opposite angle: "She gave him a drink and said that she was going to put on something more comfortable. He urged her to; that was he came for." If these people were openly communicating their intentions to each other would have been clear therefore enabling them to make an informed decision. Another example of a successful relationship from the short stories I have read is character Nanapush and his young friend Eli from Louise Edrich's "Matchimanito." Eli frequently came to Nanapush for advice on hunting, women, and life in general. It was clear to Nanapush what Eli's intentions were, as Eli communicated it frequently with his barrage of questions. "I'm a Nanapush remember. That's as good as saying I knew what interested Eli Kashpaw. He wanted something other than what I could teach him about the woods.

Non Medical Factors Influencing Csection Health And Social Care Essay

Cesarean delivery is the bringing of a babe through a surgical scratch in the female parents abdomen wall laparotomy and uterus wall hysterectomy. In some fortunes, a C-section is scheduled in progress. In others it ‘s done in response to an unanticipated complication. Initially, cesarian bringing was performed to salvage the foetus from a moribund patient. But over and over old ages, this operation later was developed into a surgical process to salvage both maternal and foetal from high complications.2.2 Concept of C-sectionThe C-section rate is increasing over a period of clip in developed states, every bit good as in developing states. It is besides increasing for all adult females of all ages, race/ethnic group, gestational age, SES group. For case in China the cesarian rate rose dramatically from 3.4 % in 1988 to 39.3 % in 2008 with the most dramatic addition among urban adult females ( Xu, Yan, & A ; Carine, 2012, p. 3/12 ) . In USA, this rate climbed from 5 % in 1960 to 31.8 % in 2007 ( Campbell, 2011 ) . In Mali, the rate addition from 1.6 % in 2005 to 2.9 in 2009. Furthermore in developed state the proportion of cesarian birth is 21.1 % on mean whereas in developing states is merely 2 % ( Betran et al, 2007 ) . This rate is rather under the international norm fixed ( 5 % – 15 % ) by WHO since 1985.2.3 Types of Cesarean deliveryCesarean delivery is made based on two types of scratch on the womb: low transversal scratch and perpendicular uterine scratch. However the way of scratch on the womb does non needfully fit with the scratch on the tegument ( up, down or side to side ) . The low transverse scratch is a horizontal cut across the lower portion of the womb. It is the one which is safer and more successful to travel through labour for holding a vaginal bringing in ulterior gestations. The perpendicular scratch on the womb is used for presenting preterm babes, abnormally positioned placentas, gestations with more than one foetus and in utmost exigencies.2.4 Medical factors ( indicant of caesarean delivery )Cesarean indicant can be classified into 3 groups: Maternal ; foetal or maternal-fetal. Tableau 2. Medical indicant for cesarian determinationMaternalFetalMaternal-fetalMedical status: specific cardiac disease ( Maran ‘s Syndrome, unstable coronary arteria disease ) ; specific respiratory disease ( GuillanBarre syndrome ) ; thrombopenia Conditionss associated with increased intracranial force per unit area Mechanical obstructor of the lower uterine section ( tumours, fibroids ) Mechanical vulvar obstructor ( condylomata ) Contracted pelvic girdle ( either congenital or acquired ) No reassuring fetal position Malpresentation: rear of barrel, cross prevarication, forehead or face/mentumposterior Cord prolapsed Maternal herpes or HIV Congenital anomalies/Vasa previa Failure to come on in labour: either collar to descent or collar to distend Cephalopelvic disproportion Placental breaking off Placenta previa/ placenta breaking off Conjoint twin Uterine rupture Elective caesarean delivery bringing The most common indicant for cesarian bringing in America is repeated cesarian ( 30 % ) , followed by dystocia or failure to advancement ( 30 % ) , malpresentation ( 11 % ) and non-reassuring fetal position ( 10 % ) ( Murphy, Sarah K. , et Jeffrey D. , 2012, p. 2 ) . In England, the most common indicant is besides repeated caesarean delivery ( 29 % ) followed by presumed foetal hurt ( 22 % ) , failure to advancement ( 20 % ) and breech birth ( 16 % ) ( caesaran subdivisions, October 2002, p. 2 ) . In Mali, the most common indicant is prolonged/obstructed labour or suspected cephalopelvic disproportion 40.4 % , followed by old cesarian subdivision 16.6 % , foetal hurt ( 16.1 % ) ( Valerie Brand et Al, 2012 ) . Based on the timing of C-section ( CS ) at the clip of determination devising, the cesarian indicants are grouped under one of those four classs. Tableau 2. Different classs of Cesarean deliveryCategory 1:Emergency CSCategory 2:Urgent CSCategory 3:Scheduled CesiumCategory 4:Elective CS– There is an immediate menace to the female parent or the foetus. Therefore the CS should be done within the following 30 min in order to salvage on clip both female parent and babe Breaking off, cord prolapsed, cicatrix rupture, scalp blood PH & lt ; 7.20, foetal hurt: drawn-out FHR slowing & lt ; 80 There is maternal or foetal complication but was non instantly life endangering. In that instance the bringing should be completed within 60-75 min Case with FHR abnormalcies are those of concern The female parent needs early bringing but there is no maternal or foetal via media. A concern of the continuance of gestation is likely to impact the female parent or foetus in the approaching hours or yearss. Iatrogenic preterm bringing where there is need to give a class of steroid for lung adulthood The bringing is timed to accommodate the female parent and staff. There are instances where there is an indicant for CS but there is no urgency. Placenta previa with no active hemorrhage, malpresentation, history of old cesareanaˆÂ ¦2.5 Non medical factors act uponing Cesarean delivery rateBeside medical factors, non-medical grounds can hold an impact on the likeliness of holding a Cesarean delivery every bit good. Among those factors, maternal features such as age, instruction, business, birth order, fiscal position ( salary/affordability to pay medical fees and wellness insurance ) , abode, figure of prenatal visits, wellness position can greatly act upon the Cesarean delivery rate. Some demographic factors, particularly the alteration in the features of the childbearing population can impact cesarian bringing. Ethical and economic grounds may besides hold some influence on the rate of surgical bringing.2.5.1 Maternal ageSeveral surveies show that old adult females ( over 35 ages ) are more likely to hold a high hazard of gestation complication and cesarian bringing. Other surveies found the same consequence in lower h azard adult females population. A important association was besides found between the hazard of holding C-section and advanced maternal age at the first gestation ( Herstad & A ; al, 2012 ) . In add-on, increasing age and para are reported to be associated with a high hazard of inauspicious gestation results and C-section rate. Dystocia, non-reassuring foetal status, preeclampsia, placenta previa, abruptio-placenta, malpresentation, prolonged labour and macrosomia were significantly higher in older female parents with high para. Another high association was found among advanced maternal age of adult females with old Cesarean delivery and increasing Cesarean delivery rate ( Hiasat, 2002 ) .2.5.2 Education of the female parentThe function of instruction degree dramas in the C-section rate is controversial. ( Gilbert, Alice, & A ; Haim A. , 2010 ) found in a survey that planned C-section was carried out more frequently among educated adult females than uneducated 1s. High instruction d egree influences besides positively the C-section rate of adult females with old C-section ( Khawaja, Tamar, & A ; Rozzet, 2000 ) .This important rate of C-section rate among the more educated adult females are chiefly due to either maternal pick for C-section ( posh to force factor ) or physicians behavior factors or the hold of maternity until older age for educated adult females. On the other manus, when all those factors are taken into consideration, some surveies show that the cesarean delivery rate is likely to be less among higher educated adult females because educated adult females are more cognizant about gestation complications and hazards. Therefore they are more preventative and care better about their wellness during the gestation. For case among adult females in the same age, the less educated 1s are really more likely to acquire a C-section ( Harrison, 2012 ) . Furthermore the instruction of the male parent does n't hold excessively much consequence as the female par ent instruction on the C-section rate.2.5.3 Occupation of the parentsOccupation of the female parent is greatly associated with the cesarian bringing. A Nigerian survey found that adult females with no business are more likely to hold a vaginal bringing than those with a high business ( Olusanya & A ; Olumuyiwa, 2009 ) . This might due to some grounds such as maternal pick to present by C-section, detaining maternity ( due to the deficiency of clip because of her work ) at an advanced age or unjust entree to maternal wellness attention. A survey in Puerto Rico found that a direct association with the male parent ‘s business and the rate of surgical bringing. Fathers with no business are associated with a lower rate of C-section rate ( Jose & A ; Vazquez-Calzada, 1997 ) . It is likely due to the same socio-economic grounds I will cite in this caption.2.5.4 Birth orderWhereas a elevation of C-section rate for the maternal age is evident for about all the live-birth order, live-birth order affects the rate of cesarian bringing independently of the maternal age. The hazard of cesarian bringing is greater among female parents holding their first kid no affairs the age, except for teenage female parents. Then this hazard falls down quickly with wining births. For case, a USA survey ( Taffel, 1994 ) found the cesarian rate declined as live-birth order rose to an agegreater or equal to 20 old ages old female parents for both black and white adult females. In add-on the highest cesarian rate for any age-birth order com bination were found among adult females between 35-39 old ages of age holding their first birth, followed by adult females 40-49 old ages. The lowest rate was for 20 twelvemonth old adult females holding a 4th or higher order birth and for adolescents holding their 2nd or 3rd kid. Marwan Khawaja et Al found the same consequence: a higher likeliness of C-section bringing among low order birth compared to high one is expected since the bringing complications are more common among primiparious adult females taking to a higher rate of C-section.2.5.5 Fiscal state of affairsIncome and SES group The cesarian rate is of import among people with a better fiscal state of affairs even thoughthelow income group has a higher obstetrical hazard. One Brazilian survey ( Hopkins & A ; Ernesto, 1998 ) found a higher Cesarean delivery rate among the high income group than the low one. Cesarean bringing is more common among people with high SES. This might due to the fact that low SES faces frequently to fiscal and geographic barriers to wellness attention entree. Ability and affordability to pay Several surveies found that Women or family with less fiscal ability and affordability to pay for wellness attention will hold high hazard gestation and higher Cesarean delivery rate ( Hopkins et Al, 1998 ) . Health insurance Cesarean rate is more common for insured adult females than uninsured ones.A survey in Brazil ( Cecatti, Helaine N, Anibal, & A ; Maria Jose , 2005. ) showed that the C-section rate varies tremendously harmonizing to the type of insurance. And he lowest rate is with insurance companies which contract with public installations. Another survey ( KASSAK, A. MOHAMMAD, & A ; ABDALLAH, 2000 ) found that cosmopolitan coverage by national wellness insurance had a greatest impact on the likeliness to increase C-section rate.2.5.6 Rural / Urban countriesMany articles highlight the importance of abode topographic point on the C-section rate.Mothers populating in urban countries have a higher chance to present by C-section, This might due to either a better entree to wellness attention in urban countries or the deficiency of appropriate equipments and skilled staff in rural countries. However it might besides reflect the overused of cesarian bringing in urban countries ( Yassin & A ; Ghanim A, 2 012 ) .2.5.7 Number of prenatal visitsThe antenatal attention is another cardinal factor act uponing the Cesarean delivery rate. The greater is its figure ( six or over ) , the higher is the likeliness to acquire C-section. This is due to the fact that higher gestation hazard is more likely to hold more prenatal visits. On the other manus, some surveies found a strong association between medical cognition of female parent and figure of prenatal visits ( Habib, Maysaloun, & A ; Selwa, 2011 ) .2.5.8 Health positionFleshiness An addition in C-section rate appears in analogue with increasing fleshiness rate due to the lifting likeliness of gestation complication ( diabetes and high blood pressure ) . Further, both maternal and fetus weight influence the caesarean delivery rate ( Hendrickson, 2012 ) . Pregnancy and bringing complication Pregnancy complication, when it is non treated earnestly can take to serious issues. So it is an of import factor impacting C-section determination. Some surveies show a important likeliness of acquiring cesarian birth for complicated gestations seeking wellness attention ( Choudhury ) . Chronic high blood pressure and uterine hemorrhage in Jose and all surveies were reported as the most common gestation medical hazard associated with surgical bringing. Others are diabetes and anaemia. However bringing complications taking to C-section are more considered as medical factors. They are more of import than gestation complication because they affect straight the normal bringing and increases extremely the Cesarean delivery likeliness. And the opportunity of holding a caesarean delivery is even more for those adult females with two or more bringing complication. Low/ high hazard factor Cesarean delivery rate is lower among adult females with unsophisticated gestations than complicated 1s. In add-on a healthy adult female is less likely to hold gestation complication and Cesarean delivery than the opposite ( Best patterns in the usage of cesaean subdivision in Nova Scotia, 2008 ) .2.5.9 Summary of non medical factorsOn the following page, there is a sum-up of all non medical factors with the mentions and the expected mark.WritersDatasYearMethodologyExpected markMaternal age Herstad et Al. Descriptive Longiditunal 2012 Log binomial reg Descriptive stat a†°? 35: + Mother Education Gilbert et Al Harrison et Al Retrosp cohort–2010 2012 Logit arrested development Statical theoretical account More: + Less: + Mother Occupation Olusanya et Al Jose et Al Cross sectional Retrospective 2009 1997 Logit arrested development Logit arrested development None: + Father: few Birth Order Taffel et Al Marwan et Al Cross sectional Cross sectional 1994 2003 Descriptive stat Logit arrested development BO iˆ? : – Idem Income and SES ability to pay Hopkins et Al Cross sectioal 1998 Logit arrested development High Selenium: + Health insurance Cecatti et Al Retrospective Case control 2005 Logit arrested development Insured: + Rural / Urban country Yassin et Al–2012–Urban: + Ant visit Habib et Al Cross sectional 2011 Descriptive statistic Nberiˆ? : + Health position Choudhury––Hazard iˆ? : + Tableau 2.3 Expected mark of non medical factors2.6 Human behaviour factors increasing Cesarean deliveryMedical human behaviour factorsSome medical accounts can explicate the rise of cesarian rate. First of wholly, there are big fluctuations among clinicians, infirmaries in the direction of the adult female labour which influence the caesarean delivery rate. Second, even though the proportion of aided rear of barrel babes bringing does non increase, some clinicians prefer to avoidthe hazard due to the complication of normal bringing and pattern an elected caesarean delivery for rear of barrel babes because they think it is safer. In add-on, the increasing usage of in vitro fertilisation ( IVF ) has led to the lifting in the figure of multiple births and those babes are frequently delivered by CS. Finally, the development of new surgical technics, engineerings and medical attention has made C-section an progressively safe operation.Non-medical human behaviour factors2.6.2.1 Cultural a nd Organizational factorsIn some instances, the C-section determination is really needed to salvage the female parent and/or the babe. However this determination, in another state of affairs is circumstantially a balanced judgement taken between clinical squads and the female parent. So, the environment within the infirmary unit and his staff is managed has greatly an impact on C-section determination, taking to a wide fluctuation in the rate between infirmaries. Further, some surveies found that learning infirmaries tend to hold lower caesarean delivery rate than non learning wellness installations and private clinics ( K.M Kassak et al. , 2000 ) . On the other side, some ethical issues such as physicians ‘ duty non to do injury to patients and to obtain their consent prior any intervention, alternatively of merely to protect a patient ‘s public assistance can act upon the doctor pick.2.6.2.2 Maternal pickSome female parents, chiefly the educated and celebrated 1s prefe r to give birth by C-section because they are scared of enduring for the vaginal birth. So this rise of C-section rate can be attributed to adult females ‘s lifestyle pick. Because of this ground, C-sectionrate in private infirmaries is frequently higher than public infirmaries. Further, harmonizing to some surveies about â€Å" cesarian civilization of Brazil † , other grounds are found ( Giguere, 2007 ) : Due to modern and advanced, technological intercessions, adult females perceived C-section as safer and more comfy labour with better quality of wellness attention They want to avoid the hazard of perineal harm due to normal bringing that can impact adult females sexual map after childbearing. On the other side, the prevalence of maternal penchant vary widely harmonizing to the state context. A survey in Hong Kong ( Selina & A ; al, 2007 ) found a low prevalence of 16.7 % for the maternal pick and the chief ground was their sensed it safer for the baby.In another survey, Iran the rate was 22 % ( Alimohanmadian, Manak, Mahmoodi, & A ; Faterneh, 2007 ) .2.6.2.3 Profile of physicians preferring Cesarean deliveryIn general The increasing cesarian rate can besides be attributed to an undue doctor ‘s pick due to his fright to bear the hazard or fiscal inducement ( want to do more money ) . It can besides be due the patients demand. Furthermore, there are worldwide assorted clinicians sentiments about the petition of elected or exigency caesarean delivery. ( Mufti, MC Carthy A, & A ; Fisk N. M, 24 1996, p. 544 ) in a study, found out that 17 % of Obstetricians in London ( 31 % of female and 8 % of male ) prefer ekective caesarean delivery. Their pick wer chiefly based on the turning away of perineal harm from vaginal birth and the Rhode Island of hurt to the babe. Then 68 % choose cesarian bringing for cepalic presentation with an estimated weight greater than 4.5 Kg. Another similar survey ( Wagner, 2000, p. 1677 ) in USA, showed that 46,6 % accoucheurs prefer the Cesarean delivery with more males ( 56.5 % ) than females ( 32.6 % ) . And so 70 % delivered by C-sectio with an estimated weight greater than 4.6 Kg. However in ( McGurgan, Coulter-Smith, S. , & A ; O'Donovan, P.J. , 2001 ) survey, there are more females than males who chose eletcive caesarean delivery. Sing the matrimonial position, married clinicia ns do less exigency caesarean delivery than the non married 1s ( Turner, Young, Solomon, Ludlow, Benness, & A ; Phipps, 2008 ) . In add-on, clnicians request ( 21 % ) more cesrean bringing than accoucheuses ( 10 % ) and coloreectal sawboness urogynecologists are more lkely to bespeak C-section. Mali instance In Mali, the wellness forces in public installations are under salary based payment. The salary rate are based on the degree of preparation and the figure of old ages in service ( MCI, Octobre 2010 ) . Therefore doctors have no inducement to increase the C-section rate. In add-on when patients arrive at maternal wellness installations, they foremost contact are made with the accoucheuses and the medical pupils on responsibility. And so when it is a omplicated or particular instance which need the physician advice, they call him. Therefore the female parent petition for cesarea bringing to physicians are non observed in those public installations. The cesarian determination is merely taken by doctors based on medical grounds.

Information System Flexibility and the Cost Efficiency of Business Processes Essay

The work of Gebauer and Schober entitled â€Å"Information System Flexibility and the Cost Efficiency of Business Processes† states that for an information system (IS) must be flexible if it is effective and must â€Å"be able to accommodate a certain amount of variation regarding the requirements of the supported business process.† The problem statement is clear noting the need for flexibility in the information system. The study is noted as being significant in that it â€Å"contributes to IS theory building with a focus on the effects of IS flexibility on the cost efficiency of a given business process.† (Gebauer and Schober, 2006) The primary objective is stated to â€Å"present a theory of the impact of IS flexibility on the cost efficiency of a given business process† as well as establishing the â€Å"importance of IS flexibility as a success factor of IS management.† (Gebauer and Schober,) The literature review is thorough and examines the characteristics of a business process and specifically the three dimensions of the business process including: (1) uncertainty; (2) variability; and (3) time-criticality. (Gebauer and Schober, 2006) Many previous studies are cited in the study of Gebauer and Schober (2006) and the shortcomings in those studies as well as the strengths of the study being noted. The concept of Information Systems (IS) flexibility is reviewed as well as past studies in this area. The study is clear in its statement of several preliminary propositions. A model structure is illustrated outlining a two-stage decision process. Relationship between variables of analysis were specified by distinguishing among three strategies to perform a process task: IS flexibility-to-use, IS flexibility-to-change, and task performance outside of an IS (manual operations). (Gebauer and Schober, 2006) The study is reported to systematically analyze a formal quantitative decision model, which allowed us to obtain a refined set of propositions that included combinatorial effects of business process characteristics, yet that at the same time also become more situation-specific.† (Gebauer and Schober, 2006) Findings of the study are stated to demonstrate that â€Å"IS flexibility-to-change is cost efficiency deployed to support a business process characterized by a high level of uncertainty, whereas a low level of uncertainty corresponds efficiently with IS flexibility-to-use.† (Gebauer and Schober, 2006) The model is stated to indicate that â€Å"high process variability tends to limit the value of an IS over manual operations, whereas a high level of time-criticality of process requirements tends to increase the value of an IS over manual operations.† (Gebauer and Schober, 2006) The discussion is based on the research problem and there is adequate interpretation of the findings. The interpretation is separate from the results and the results are discussed in regards to previous research studies. There are some limitations stated in the study and the conclusions are clearly stated and reasonable. There are suggestions for methods that could be used to better refine the study process and ultimately render more accurate results.

The Presidential Inaugural Address essays

The Presidential Inaugural Address essays Over the course of the next several months, both presidential nominees will make many speeches in their efforts to campaign for president. However, after the election is overand the last presidential election was not over in the year 2000 until long after Novemberthe president must make an inaugural address in January on the steps of the Capitol building to bring the nation together after a long and divisive campaign. Unlike the campaign speeches, this speech must not be partisan or divisive in the nature of its tone. It must be positive, rather than negative in its use of rhetoric. It must set the stage for the president's entire administration in terms of firmly establishing his vision for the country. It must speak to the world rather than to just the American voters. It must also speak to both houses of congress, republicans and Because of these factors, presidents tend to use poetic and rhetorical tropes when expressing themselves in their inaugural addresses. One of the classic rhetorical uses of antithesis, for example, or the pairing of two unlike ideas with similar phrases is John F. Kennedy's "ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country." Note too how Kennedy addresses the young people of the nation, rather than taking any political jibes at his opposition. Even though he was advocating a policy change in terms of creating the Peace Core, he discusses service in positive terms, rather than in the tone of an advocate The president who speaks in January to the nation must speak to a divided nation, frustrated over a protracted Iraqi commitment, higher costs of living in the form of higher oil prices, and a still shaky economy. Whether this president's name is Kerry or Bush, he must inspire the people not simply to believe in him, but to help him heal the nation, the Iraqi ...

Oberon and Titania Character Analysis

Oberon and Titania Character Analysis The Oberon and Titania characters play an essential role in A Midsummer Nights Dream. Here, we take an in-depth look at each  character so we can better understand what makes them tick as a couple. Oberon Oberon is angry with Titania as she is spending all her time with a changeling boy and will not give him over to Oberon to be used as a henchman. He could be considered to be quite spiteful in exacting his revenge upon her: â€Å"Well, go thy way. Thou shalt not from this grove/Till I torment thee for this injury† (Act 2 Scene 1, Line 146-147). Titania accuses Oberon of being jealous: â€Å"These are the forgeries of jealousy† (Act 2 Scene 1, Line 81). Oberon is powerful but Titania appears to be just as headstrong, and they seem equally matched. We know they have had a good relationship up until now, as he and Titania would â€Å"dance our ringlets to the whistling wind† (Act 2 Scene 1 Line 86). Oberon asks Puck to get the juice from a herb he once showed him and anoint the eyes of Titania with it so that she falls in love with something ridiculous. Oberon is angry with his queen for disobeying him and exacts a kind of revenge, but it is quite harmless and humorous in its intent. He loves her and wants to have her all to himself again. Consequently, Titania falls in love with Bottom with an Ass’ head stuck on his. Oberon eventually feels guilty about this and reverses the magic which demonstrates his mercy: â€Å"Her dotage now I do begin to pity† (Act 3 Scene 3, Line 46). Oberon also shows compassion when he sees Helena being scorned by Demetrius and orders Puck to anoint his eyes with the potion so that Helena can be loved: â€Å"A sweet Athenian lady is in loveWith a disdainful youth: anoint his eyes;But do it when the next thing he espiesMay be the lady: thou shalt know the manBy the Athenian garments he hath on.Effect it with some care, that he may proveMore fond of her than she upon her love† (Act 2 Scene 1, Line261-266).​ Unfortunately, Puck gets things wrong, but Oberon’s intentions are good, and he is ultimately responsible for everyone’s happiness at the end of the play. Titania Titania is principled and strong enough to stand up to her husband (in a similar way to Hermia standing up to Egeus). She has made a promise to look after the little Indian boy and doesn’t want to break it: â€Å"Not for thy fairy kingdom. Fairies away!/We shall chide downright, if I longer stay† (Act 1 Scene 2, Line 144-145). Unfortunately, Titania is made to look foolish by her jealous husband and is made to fall in love with the ridiculous Bottom with an ass’ head: â€Å"Thou art wise as thou art beautiful† (Act 3 Scene 1, Line 140). She is very attentive to Bottom and proves herself to be a kind and forgiving lover: Be kind and courteous to this gentleman.Hop in his walks and gambol in his eyes;Feed him with apricots and dewberries,With purple grapes, green figs, and mulberries;The honeybags steal from the humble-bees,And for night tapers crop their waxen thighsAnd light them at the fiery glow-worms eyesTo have my love to bed, and to arise;And pluck the wings from painted butterfliesTo fan moonbeams from his sleeping eyes.Nod to him, elves and do him courtesies (Act 3 Scene 1, Line 156-166). As Titania is intoxicated with the love potion, she gives the changeling boy to Oberon, and he gets his way. He then takes pity on her and undoes the magic. Together Oberon and Titania are the only couple in the play who have been married for a while. The other couples are just starting with all the passion and excitement a new relationship brings. Oberon and Titania represent an older, more weathered relationship. They have possibly taken each other for granted and when the love potion is removed, and Titania realizes that she has been doting and fawning over an ass, she is made to realize that, perhaps, she has neglected her husband somewhat and this will renew their passion: â€Å"Now thou and I are new in amity† (Act 4 Scene 1, Line 86).

Marketing Major Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing Major - Essay Example The market gap represents signs of potential success. The product is mainly targeted to three segments, namely the youth, professionals who have a tendency to eat convenient food and health-conscious people who survive on a healthy diet. The product is being positioned in the market as a healthy one which is supreme to its competitors on account of taste and quality. The target consumers lie in the age group of 16-24 and 26-45 mainly so a wide range of media support has been devised. For instance, radio and television has been mainly used to target all the age group on account of their popularity. On the other hand social media like facebook and LinkedIn has been used for promoting the product launch among the youth and young professionals. Magazines like The Economist have been used to communicate with the young professionals. Fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) include a variety of products which are sold at low prices and their sale occurs relatively faster. The target market for FMCG is quite vast but proper segmentation of the market and adding value to the customers are formidable challenges for any FMCG company. According to the traditional definition FMCG goods can be described as goods which are purchased very frequently. These goods are generally sold in large volume in order to generate profits for the companies which produce them. These goods are priced relatively lower compared to consumer durable goods and are perishable generally. These goods can include a wide range of items like soft drinks, toiletries, packed food items and chocolate bars to name a few. The shelf-life of the products is relatively lower for which they are manufactured in large quantities to compensate for the small price. The FMCG sector is a key component of the U.K. economy and accounts for 10% of the GDP of the country a nd 20% of the entire market (The Statistics Portal, 2014). The food and beverages sector is one of

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The topic can be proposed by the writer - Assignment Example As a result of falling out between Louise and Sarah, Sarah decided to vote for shares in violation of the agreement with James. Was Sarah right to vote for James shares in violation of the agreement signed with James? The court of trial held that the rightful holders of the office are those people who are elected in a written consent. It reasoned that the consent was effective if only Sarah’s votes counted towards the majority side and her vote could only be counted is her agreement with James did not bind them. For an individual to act effectively as a proxy, a document must identify the shares that are to be voted by the agent. Proxies are usually revocable unless they are able to satisfy the requirements. A duly proxy that can be executed is only irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and only if it is coupled with a sufficient interest in law supporting a power that is irrevocable. The court ruled that James had no power to vote for his share by the time he made contract with Sarah. Basing on the foregoing, we hold that the proxy James gave to her daughter- Louise, failed to satisfy all the requirements of a proxy hence it was

Unit 5 & 6 - POL 2000 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Unit 5 & 6 - POL 2000 - Research Paper Example With each country enjoying its leverage in different sectors. Secondly the threat of impact on one would lead to impact on all which has been seen in the case of European Union. Therefore each of these three nations would object to this idea. Other challenges include the rate difference in the currencies of the three states. The possible solution can be found in form of domestic currency versus international currency as a common currency. However it is still far from practical implementation. In personal capacity, having seen the challenges faced by the European states and especially with the relatively meager states in Europe such as Greece, Portugal and Spain that have been time and again bailed out and despite that they have found it difficult to continue with the common currency, therefore a common concept prevails that the common currency may not go too well in the favor of the weaker economic states such as Mexico in

Business Operations Of Tk Maxx UK

Business Operations Of Tk Maxx UK TK Maxx, part of the Massachusetts based TJK inc. Group of companies, opened its first store in Bristol in 1994, There are now over 260 TK Maxx stores across the UK, Ireland, Germany and Poland. TK Maxx is still a relative new concept. TK Maxx is unique and has no direct competitors. Everything TK Maxx is different. The heart of TK Maxx success lies in business model of offering greater designer labels for up to 60 percent less. The relationship with those labels and designer is critical. TK Maxx talented buyers negotiate fantastic deals from a huge number of suppliers all the way through the season, scouring the fashion and style markets across the world to seize buying opportunities whenever they find them. Company labels for fewer concepts are called off-price retailing and were introduced to the UK from the States in 1994. TK Maxx is still the only fashion off-price retailer in Europe. Designer in a modern and simple way, our stores deliver a smart, no frills shopping experience. This allows us to run a cost-efficient operation and company dont pass on any hidden costs to their customers. The commercial object is to make TK Maxx a household name, synonymous with being smart. TK Maxx has over 500 people at home office, over 10,000 people working throughout the UK and Ireland in their stores and distribution centres. As a progressive, fast paced business the work ethos is high energy. Company describe their business as being accessible, down to earth, friendly, a great leveller, not intimidating. Similarly, our people share a real passion for fashion, are enthusiastic, make the most of opportunities, are individual, resilient and determined to succeed. TK Maxx is the 10th largest fashion retailer in the UK (TNS Fashion Tracker) TK Maxx is the UKs fourth favourite retailer, the third favourite clothing retailer and the UKs favourite shoe retailer for 2009. (Verdict Retail Group). A typical TK Maxx store has over 50,000 items in stock and receives 10,000 new items every week. While TK Maxx is best known for fashion, dont forget our stores sell fabulous accessories, luggage, toys and home ware. Shopping works up an appetite, so Cafà © Maxx is in our stores in Ayr, Swindon, Cardiff, Thurrock, Purley Way and Croydon, TK Maxx value diversity, encouraging different vies, backgrounds and origin. Company are constantly diversity ways in which TK Maxx can make a difference to peoples lives. TK Maxx raises money for charities NCH, Enable Ireland, Cancer Research and Comic Relief. 1(www.TJX.com) Back Ground of Change That exists in Todays Economy Introduction to Change Change is the vital factor for development either business or human, if the human history taken into place as a sample of change, it clearly speak human developed by the change for example human had not had apparel to wear but no human has got cloth industries. There so many example of change, which are obvious and clear brought revolution, as Gues (2010) described to cope with a changing world, an entity must develop the capacity of shifting and changing of developing new skills and attitudes; in short, the capability of learning 2(O Gues Todays Business Magazine January 2010) Change management So we can say that change management is the method, implements and practice to handle the people in business change to achieve the vital business results and to recognise that business change successfully within the social infrastructure of the organisation. The management of change also is practice entail in new values, behaviour and customs within an organisation that help new ways of works and reduce challenges to change, developing harmony among consumers and stake holders on particular changes shaped to better meet their requirements; and planning, testing, and implementing all aspects of the evolution from one organisational formation or business methods to another. Today Economy Globalisation Globalisation is a social, economic and cultural fact which the entire world and now the world become a global village. The progress towards the growth of economic and social ties between countries through expands of corporate institutions and the commercial philosophy that leads to the shrinking of the world in economic terms. Globalisation increases the trust of economies on each other, create the opportunities to be able to buy and sell the goods in any country in the world and it provide the chance for labour and assets to put anywhere in the world. Now the world is the global village and it makes happened with the help of technology, communication networks, internet, growth of economy and progress towards the free trade. There is nothing to be hidden in this world. Todays Economy After taking a beating in the Recession, the world economy is at last starting to turn the corner. There are some indications that recovery is on the way. Businesses are booming. Companies are hiring peoples and the important engine of the economy customer is getting up off the mat and spending money once again. This economy change awake up the shareholder interest towards there business and they want to make the maximum profit and increase the market share of their organisations. Bureaucratic Organisation Max Weber is one of the most leading promoters of bureaucracy. As he described The decisive reason for the advance of bureaucratic organization has always been its purely technical superiority over any other form of organization. The fully developed bureaucratic mechanism compares with other organizations exactly as does the machine with the non-mechanical modes of production. 5.Max Weber (1864-1920) Bureaucratic organizations are suitable in steady environments and for schedule tasks and skills. Bureaucratic structures have plain, well-defined, centralized, vertical hierarchies of command, power and control. Effectiveness and certainty are highlighted through specialization, consistency, and formalization. This results in strictly clear jobs, technologies, and processes. This organisational structures, processes, and roles are like a machine in which each part of the organization does what it is designed to do, but little else. 5.Leo Lingham (2008) Strengths and Weaknesses of Bureaucratic Organisation. The strengths of a bureaucratic organization are first it gave the more command over the employees with clear rules and regulations. In the bureaucratic organisation no confusion as the reporting relationships is clear and well defined. The system is centralized and all the decisions can be monitored. There is consistency and everyone has to follow the same procedure. With many benefits there are some demerits of the Bureaucratic Organisation like the decision making and all the other processes are very slow. The jobs may become boring for the employees. The communication has passed through so many levels that it gets deformed. Too much control depresses originality and creativity. Organisation Development Organisation Development is a planned interference. They are policy consist of specific activities designed to effect change in some side of an organisation. Much interference has been developed over the years focus on different problems or creates different results. However, they all are stepped toward the aim of improving the complete organisation with change. In simple words, organisations that wish to get a high degree of organisational change will employ a full range of interventions, including those planned to change person and group performance and approaches. Individuals trying smaller changes will stop short of those targets, implementing interventions targeted first operating strategies, management structures, employees skills, and workforce policies. Specially, organization development programs will at once add more than one of these interferences. Task Two Develop system to involve appropriate stakeholders in the introduction of change. Change cases (Bennett 1997) are used to describe new potential requirements for a system or modifications to existing requirements. Change cases are modelled in a simple manner. You describe the potential change to your existing requirements, indicate the likeliness of that change occurring, and indicate the potential impact of that change. Figure 1 presents two change cases, one potential change that is motivated by technical innovation ¾in this case the use of the Internet ¾and a second by a change in your business environment. Notice how both change cases are short and to the point, making them easy-to-understand. The name of a change case should describe the potential change itself. Reason of Change Tk maxx is the fast moving business during the credit crunch company face economic crises. Now globally business environment change, companies are going towards recovery from credit crunch. Tk maxx realise that it is the best time to implement the change in the organization. Company analysis by third party to review the business stretcher of the company and the main object was to reduce the cost, improve the efficacy and increase the profit and important of all if the world economy faces crises in future company should be effected at minimal. TK Maxx New System TK Maxx developed system name as BEST. This new system include these main changes from top to bottom Change in Hierarchy Introduce New Log in and Log out Change in product Availability Major Changes in Stores Change in Hierarchy TK Maxx changes the hierarchy of the organisation. In previous system one district manager see the seven stores but now one district manager handle the seventeen stores. TK Maxx has the 260 stores around the UK and Europe so where company has the 37 district now it has only 15 managers. According to this change company will save 22 district managers salaries. On the other hand as a result extra work load on the remaining managers and it can affect their efficiency. Company is taking a bureaucratic decision to eliminate the line managers designation as supervisors and also reduced their annual salaries. Introduce New Log in and Log out Company moved from manual Log in system to electronic system. Company will placed a punch machine in every store for Log in and Log out. This change will help to reduce the issues of employees regarding work hours. Change in Product Availability TK Maxx change their product availability cycle. First company purchase officers made purchase from the around world but this purchase was not according to the demand of store managers. In new system store managers will place a request first according to their demands. TK Maxx head office process this request immediately and will deliver once a week. Major Changes in Stores In new system the fitting room sequence will change. Company will change the floor maintenances cycle. There will be one associate is every time available to maintain the floor. Product availability was the major issue. Products are going in the shelf throughout the day. According to this new system all the products will be in the shelf before 12:00 pm. Suggestions for Appropriate Model for Changes Company has changed its Bureaucratic atmosphere, so it utilized the manpower in a sophisticated way and save the cost of many district managers. Through the new login system company all save the time of management and as well the fare and clean job timing of company employees. Company change the product availability sequences to available the product on managers demand and also change the maintainers sequence. Results of this change are cost effectiveness and effective communication from management to there employees. To enhance the quality control process, company should hire good, experience and professional staff because now a days it is the marketing trend that products always sell on the behalf of quality, features, benefits and excellent presentation. There is no need of separate training manager. Company should give this responsibility to HRM department so by adopting this change company can save budget. Company should launch some incentives for employees because motivation in all types always motivates to employees and these employees are the back bone of company.